Changing Times: AM5 mount & more

My astrophotography journey started just over 10-years ago and looking back, it’s clear that my timing was fortuitous, as over this period we have seen several developments that have completely transformed the hobby for amateurs. 

  • Wide availability of high-quality telescopes for relatively modest prices
  • Development of CMOS sensor cameras
  • Major advances of image capture and processing software
  • Introduction of AI to image processing

And the changes just keep coming.

When not imaging or processing, I’m sure that many astrophotographers spend too much time looking online at new equipment, particularly telescopes and cameras!  However, when my journey started in about 2014, it didn’t take long to discover that perhaps the mount is the most important piece of equipment.  I started observing with a Skywatcher 150PL on a EQ3-2 mount ( see above ) but soon thereafter discovered astrophotography, which required the addition of a small motor for tracking.  It was fun but completely inadequate for good imaging, so then moved onto a William Optics GT81 triplet refractor on a Skywatcher AZ-EQ6 GT mount ( see below ), which completely changed everything and, more importantly, gradually resulted in better images.

My trusty, but oh so heavy AZ-EQ6 GT mount

I continue to use the AZ-EQ6 GT, which technically remains an excellent mount, but it is very heavy and frankly has become more and more tedious to set-up and take down each time, whilst moreover, my back is finding it too much hard work.  It is said that necessity is the mother of invention and so a completely new type of mount slowly emerged on the market last year, that is now becoming nothing less than a revolution. It seems too good to be true, but its features are:

  • Small & light weight
  • High load capacity that doesn’t require counterweights
  • No need to be balanced
  • High torque
  • Low if any backlash

Apart from the weight issue, commonly used GEM mounts are based on worm gears, which inevitably suffer from backlash, that can be a major problem for astrophotography.  Although this can be minimised with good set-up and various software, it will always remain a problem.  The new harmonic drive or strain wave mounts are based on completely different technology, that surprisingly has been used for many years in avionics and robotics, making it tried and tested technology.    A strain wave mount uses a flexible spline and a rotating elliptical plug to transmit motion and achieve high precision and torque, which allows for large payloads in a compact and portable package ( see images immediately below ) . Click HERE for more technical information. Initially there were only a few manufacturers of Harmonic / Strain Wave mounts but now the word’s out and all manufacturers are rushing to join the game.

Over the past decade the Chinese technology company ZWO Optical have emerged as a dominant force and leading innovator in astrophotography; I’ve been using various excellent ZWO CMOS cameras since 2015.  It was therefore no surprise that ZWO were amongst the first to launch a Harmonic Drive mount, initially the AM3 then the AM5 which is what I purchased earlier this year; the main difference between the two is capacity, the AM5 being greater.  For various reasons, personal and being busy imaging with the AZ-EQ6 GT, I only got round to using the AM5 in August ( see below) and have not been disappointed.

One of ZWO’s quirks is that, where possible, their equipment is often only compatible with other ZWO products.  It can be a bit of a problem but given the quality of their equipment I’m not usually put off.  Notwithstanding, the AM5 will fit some other tripods but in this case, I chose to purchase the excellent and super lightweight ZWO TC40 carbon fibre tripod, together with the ZWO PE200 pier extension, which reduces the likelihood of the OTA / camera colliding with the tripod.  Like my previous experience of ZWO equipment, everything is well designed and exceptionally well made.  Moreover, it is substantially lighter than my AZ-EQ6 mount!

Although not essential, to reduce the set-up / take-down time as well as provide convenient integrated control and capture software, I also chose to get ZWO’s well tested and popular ASIair Plus, which can easily be attached either to the mount or scope. Basically, it is a very small astrophotography computer / controller, which can also help manage various power requirements such as cameras and dew straps.  Finally, and because for now I wanted to piggyback my existing William Optics GT81 scope which uses a Lodestar X2 guiding camera that is incompatible with the ZWO equipment, I added a dedicated 50mm William Optics 50mm guide scope with a ZWO ASI120MM mini guide camera.

The AM5 mount, ASIair plus (on the left) and OTA rig. It looks busy but once the rig is established it just lifts into place and connects in less than 5 minutes and you’re ready to go!

Finally, only in recent weeks have I had the chance and weather conditions to set-up and try out this new equipment.  The early results have been good so far and I hope the limited integration time of the image here will be just a taster of what is to come.  The AM5 itself has been a breeze to use and its light weight and set-up is clearly going to revolutionise my astrophotography but the ASIair plus is also a significant game changer that I’m still getting to grips with. 

The ASIair plus delivers an excellent and mostly, easy-to-use experience, which with time I’m sure I’ll get to love but to miniaturise and streamline operating compared to my current set-up and control equipment and software, I find it lacking in finesse.  Notwithstanding, it is an incredible piece of equipment that works very well with the AM5 mount.  I am particularly impressed by the Polar Alignment and Meridian Flip functions, of which the latter is just amazing!

All-in-all the weight and convenience of the AM5 together with the other ZWO equipment is likely to result in a better and importantly, fun time when imaging.  In particular, with a truly portable set-up I’m hoping to revisit the end of my garden, from where I can see the north sky and all its objects, hitherto obscured by my house, and maybe even get to image at some dark sites, we shall see – these are certainly changing times, which so far I’ve really enjoying.

Hind’s Variable Nebula

Hind’s Variable Nebula (NGC1555) is situated 400 light-years away in the region between Aldebaran and the Pleiades, in the constellation Taurus, in the same area as the Hyades (see below).  The nebula is a Herbig-Haro object – a bright patch of nebulosity in which new stars are forming – which changes in apparent size and brightness.  It is illuminated by the young pre-main sequence triple star system T-Tauri and was discovered by the English astronomer John Russell Hind in 1852. 

Close-up (cropped) version of Hind’s Variable Nebula

The data for this image was obtained from the Deep Sky West (DSW) site in New Mexico using a Takahashi FSQ 106 paired with a QSI 683-WSG8 camera, which provides a widefield view of the nebula (see top of the page), thereby including many colourful bright stars that dominate this area.  The addition of Ha data further highlights the complex nature of the region which is not fully seen in an LRGB image.

Dark Eagle

It might seem paradoxical but sometimes it is the absence of light that makes an astrophotography image interesting.  Such a feature is the so-called Aquila Rift, a vast, dark interstellar cloud that spans the constellations of Aquila (Eagle), Serpens Cauda and eastern Ophiuchus.  Towards the central section of the rift, about 600 million light-years from Earth, within the Aquila constellation and not far from the Summer Triangle’s Altair star, is Lynd’s Dark Nebula (LDN) 673.

Some 7-light years in size, this fragmented dark molecular cloud complex contrasts well against the colourful molecular clouds and stars of the Milky Way; the very dense dust of the dark nebulae scatters the blue light of the surrounding stars, producing a yellow-red bias.  In places the density within the nebula that energetic outflows can be seen in the form of the red nebulosity of RNO 109 and Herbig-Haro object HH-32.

Celestial Fleur-De-Lys

Whilst the highlight is the alluring bright blue reflection nebula NGC 7023 AKA Iris Nebula, careful processing reveals that this celestial flower is enveloped within a vast region of interstellar dust, altogether making for a spectacular image.   Strictly speaking NGC 7023 refers to an open cluster within the reflection nebula, which is itself illuminated by a magnitude +7.4 star designated HD 200775 – the cropped starless image shows the beautiful detail that makes up the Iris ‘flower’. 

Starry Messenger

The first galaxies were identified in the 17th Century by the French astronomer Charles Messier, although at the time he did not know what they were.  It was only when in 1924 American astronomer Edwin Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda galaxy using cepheid variables, that the existence of other galaxies was finally established.  One hundred years on it’s now estimated that there are between 200 billion and 2 trillion galaxies in the Universe; as Douglas Adams said in the Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, “Space…….is really big”! 

For astronomers this time of the year is generally referred to the ‘Galaxy Season’, as our view of the Milky Way from Earth changes from the winter sky of the Orion Spur and Perseus Arm to the summer view with Cygnus overhead down to Sagittarius in the south, in between we’re looking into deep space.  With very few exceptions, galaxies are located very far from Earth, which from our perspective makes them small and therefore a challenge for my imaging equipment.  However, this Spring I’ve been imaging the spectacular Leo Galaxy Cluster, a mere 330 million light-years from Earth (see cropped version of cluster at the top of the page).

Containing at least 70 major galaxies, the Leo Cluster unusually consists mostly of spiral galaxies, which are best seen here cropped from the original widefield image.  The bright elliptical galaxy near the centre of the image, NGC 3842, has one of the largest known black holes in the universe, which is about 10 billion times more massive than our sun! 

We have come a long way since Galileo Galilei published his astronomical treatise Sidereus Nuncius AKA Starry Messenger in 1610, the first scientific publication based on observations made through a telescope. Galileo’s work completely changed the way humanity understood the night sky and, by extension, our place in space, later leading to the acceptance of the heliocentric model of the planets.  Profound as that was, our understanding of the Universe since 1924 has even greater implications.  Moreover, the ability for an amateur to image something like the Leo Cluster from my back garden is exciting and very rewarding (see widefield version above + image location + orientation where the red dot = top left of image).        

Nocturnal Bloom

Like many astrophotographers, the Rosette Nebula holds a special attraction for me; it’s size, details and colours produce a perfect narrowband target.  I revisited the old favourite again this year for the fourth time since 2015 (+2017 & 2018), in an attempt to capture even better its unique and dynamic beauty using newer equipment, skills, and techniques.

Located approximately 5,000 light-years away, this vast cloud of gas and dust has been sculpted into a distinctive rose-like shape.  The central star cluster (NGC 2237) has blown-away a large hole within the surrounding molecular cloud (NGC 2244), which all together is some 1.7 degrees or 150 light-years in diameter.  Numerous star-producing dark Bok globules are visible along the upper-left, central quadrant of the nebula, collectively referred to as the “Carnival of Animals”.

The skies this winter have been poor and, as a result, imaging possibilities have been very limited. However, over five nights from January to March I was eventually able to obtain 9-hours of Ha, OIII and SII integration time which, moreover, produced a good data set of 10-minute exposures.

I’m very pleased with the final SHO image (top of the page), which successfully displays the intricate details and colours that arise from the aforesaid make-up and processes that makes the nebula so popular.  Furthermore, experimenting with an HSS palette produced an alternative and exciting image of this rose of night sky (see above), that might be even more in-keeping with its given moniker.  All-in-all, despite this year’s difficulties I’m satisfied that I gave the Rosette my best shot, which is definitely a cut above my previous attempts – though I fully expect to return again in a few years seeking further improvements.

                          

Avian Astronomy: Seagull Nebula

Located 3,650 light-years from Earth, in the area between the Monoceros and Canis Major constellations, is the emission and reflection nebulae complex of the so-called Seagull Nebula.  It’s been 8-years since I last briefly dabbled with imaging this exciting object and for good reason.  From my position, this bird flies at a maximum 28o above the southern horizon (-11 DEC) and, furthermore, spends much of its time behind houses, trees, and tall hedges, thus providing just two short windows for imaging; combined with this winter’s terrible weather it made for a tough but ultimately rewarding target. 

   

The Seagull’s approximate flight path seen from Fairvale Observatory makes imaging difficult

Whilst popularly known as the Seagull Nebula, the bird consists of a number of fabulous objects spanning some 200 light-years in their entirety: the Seagull’s head (SH2-292) and wings (IC 2177), the large open star cluster along the leading edge of the left wing (NGC 2335) and a smaller cluster on the edge of the right wing (NGC 2327), the nebula at the tip of the right wing (Sh2-297), as well as many other named features (Sharpless and LBN) that are highlighted in the following plate solved image (below).

Despite the difficulties posed by the low transit of the bird in the night sky, each of the Ha, OIII and SII wavelengths are strong, making for good data acquisition and a very pleasing final SHO image.      

Dark Art: Taurus Molecular Cloud

Located northeast (left) of Pleiades, south of California Nebula and north (above) of Aldebaran, spanning more than 30o of the night sky is the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC), a rich area of dark nebulae punctuated by bright areas of new star formation.  Moreover, the TMC is thought to be the nearest star forming region to Earth.

Herschel Space Observatory far-infrared’s view of the TMC & approximate image location

All-in-all, the very large TMC provides many promising imaging opportunities.  This image captures numerous, complex dark nebulae across the field-of-view, including Barnard 10 & 214, LDN 1495 & VdB 27, together with bright reflection nebulae LBN 782 & 785 and the odd galaxy – if you look carefully.

  

2023 The Year In Pictures

This Christmas marks the 10th edition of my astrophotography calendar, consisting of my better images from the previous 12-months, which I produce for myself and members of the family.  Wow doesn’t time fly? Based on these images, I also compile a video of the images set to music, which we all watch together before seeing the actual calendar.  It’s become something of an occasion and is a great way to present the images, which look wonderful on today’s smart TV’s and is fun to watch and share with the family.

THE CALENDAR

Much longer imaging times (total of more than 145 hours), re-imaging old favourites in new ways and unusual, overlooked, or difficult objects, resulted in a very good 2023 astrophotography year and perhaps the best calendar yet?  The calendar for 2024 on YouTube can be viewed by clicking HERE and below is a brief overview of each image.  More detailed background information and imaging details for those interested can be found in relevant blogs I posted on this website.  The background music is the track Appleshine from Underworld’s album Drift.

 COVERSH2-284: Close-up of April’s image – along the inside of the ring structure are many dark dust pillars and globules, which on the right seem to resemble a hand with a bony finger pointing inwards!  
JANUARYNGC 1333: Nestled within the western area of the Perseus Molecular Cloud, some 1,100 light-years from Earth is the colourful NGC 1333 reflection nebula, one of the closest and most active star-forming regions of the night-sky.  
FEBRUARY  Spaghetti Nebula: Straddling the boundary of Taurus and Auriga constellations, is the giant supernova remnant (SNR) Simeis-147.  The stellar explosion occurred 40,000 years ago, leaving a rapidly spinning neutron star or pulsar at the core of the now complex and the expanding SNR.  
MARCHAurora Borealis: Situated just below the Arctic Circle, Iceland is well known both for its geology and views of the Aurora Borealis, which we saw in March on the south coast near Kirkjubaejarkklaustur.  
APRILSH2-284: A star-forming region of dust and gases, sculpted by radiation and interstellar winds emanating from a young (3 to 4 million years) star cluster located near the centre.       
MAYM3 Globular Cluster*: Consisting of 500,000 stars and over 11 billion years old, M3 is one of150 globular clusters that orbit around the Milky Way Galaxy.  
JUNEM27 Apple Core Nebula*: A planetary nebula, consisting of a glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from a red giant star in its late stage of life to become a white dwarf. Complex hydrogen (red) and oxygen (blue) fans form around the outer regions, with a pulsar-like beam transecting the nebula.  
JULYMonkey Head Nebula: Located 6,400 light years from Earth in the Orion constellation, the ‘Monkey’ is a so-called emission nebula, where new stars are being created within at a rapid rate.  
AUGUSTSH2-115: This widefield image contains a richness of various emission nebulae, centred around the distinctive large blue SH2-115 region.  Just to the left of SH2-115 is the small but enigmatic SH2-116 a faint, blue disc thought to be a planetary nebula.    
SEPTEMBERLDN-768 Black Cat Nebula: Close to M27 in the constellation of Vulpecula (“Little Fox”), is a dense region of stars broken-up by dark nebulae to create intriguing shapes. Here strung out from left-to-right, several of the dark nebulae seem to coalesce (visually) to create the form of a black cat.
OCTOBERSH2-126 Great Lacerta Nebula: On the western edge of the Milky Way in the southern part of Lacerta, is the very large but faint emission nebula SH2-126.  The red filament structures stretch over 3 degrees, to the right is the Gecko Nebula, a molecular cloud associated with bright young stars.
NOVEMBERFlaming Star & Tadpoles Nebula: Two emission nebulae: dust & gas of the Flaming Star (below) combined with red ionized hydrogen gas produces a flame affect. Above, the stellar winds and radiation pressure from hot massive stars creates the Tadpoles ‘wriggling’ away from the centre.
DECEMBERM51 Whirlpool Galaxy*: As the smaller galaxy passes behind M51, joint gravitational forces are interacting, resulting in the misalignment of stars and unusually bright blue and pink areas across the Whirlpool galaxy. Their fates are inextricably linked and might eventually merge.
                 Footnote: All images taken from Redhill, Surrey or telescope at a dark sky site in
          New Mexico, USA shown by an asterisk*
HAPPY NEW YEAR + CLEAR SKIES FOR 2024

The Space Lizard

The late summer – early autumn period marks a return of astronomical darkness and therefore for many a return to astronomy.  Naturally the iconic objects passing overhead at this time within Cygnus, Cepheus, Pegasus and Andromeda get most attention, so it’s easy to overlook other possibilities such as the less well-known Lacerta (Latin for Lizard) constellation situated between the aforementioned constellations (see skymap below).

Located along the western edge of Milky Way in the southern section of Lacerta, is the large but faint emission nebula SH2-126 AKA the Great Lacerta Nebula (GLN). Consisting of a reddish filament structure with a size of over 3 degrees, the nebula forms a “stellar funnel” at the centre and snaking away to the right is LBN 437 or the Gecko Nebula, a molecular cloud whose denser part is associated with bright young stars; the fascinating structure of the nebula is best seen in the starless Ha image below. The source of ionization is intense ultraviolet radiation from the stars including 10 Lacertae, a blue main sequence star. 

This somewhat elusive object requires significant integration time to bring out the detail and colours, which at over 21-hours over 10 nights is the longest I’ve been able to achieve from Fairvale Observatory so far and even that was not without its problems.  Moreover, despite this I also found processing to be very difficult, though I’m pleased with the outcome which I believe does justice to this magnificent astrophotography object.  Notwithstanding, I hope to return at another time with a bigger FL telescope to take a closer look at the Gecko, which here can just be seen on the right hand side of the GLN.