The Black Cat, Fox & Umbrella

Two months past the summer solstice in late August, shortly after the new moon, I was drawn to the constellation of Vulpecula (Latin for “little fox) and an interesting region of reflection and dark nebulae that provide good imaging possibilities.  In particular, a vast area of stars in which the contrasting dark nebulae create some intriguing shapes.

At the centre of the resulting image, strung out from east to west (left to right), several of the dark nebulae seem to coalesce (visually) to create the form of a black cat: LDN 773, 774, 769 & 768; an alternative interpretation is that of the Loch Ness Montser.  Further enhancing the image, the cat is adorned by two large, bright orange stars near its head and within the ‘body’ to the right, several various reflection nebulae created by hot blue stars (VdB 126 / LBN 133 & 134 etc.). 

 

Moreover, above the cat’s head another group of dark nebula form what I’d describe as a furled umbrella (LDN 781, 782, 783 & 779).  Finally, towards the lower right edge of the image (below the cat’s rear leg) is the open star cluster of NGC 6793.

Apart from its obvious beauty, the inspiration for this image was my four-year old granddaughter who just loves cats – especially her own one-eyed black cat! 

Core Blimey

A popular object at this time of the year, the planetary nebula M27 consists of a glowing shell of ionized gas, which has been ejected from a red giant star in its late stage of its life to become a white dwarf.  Like many planetary nebulae, the main inner shell exhibits numerous dark and light knots, of which red ionized hydrogen areas form two bright lobes that together make the shape of an apple- core / dumbbell, which are M27’s two nicknames. There also seems to be different bi-polar influences occuring, that have resulted in complex Ha (red) and OIII (blue) fans around the outer regions and a pulsar-like beam transecting the nebula (see cropped version at the top of the page). 

Despite the good data quality and long integration time, the complicated nature of the planetary nebula made processing very difficult, in particular, teasing out the aforesaid but very faint outer fans.  In this case it was necessary to carry out individual soft stretches of the Ha and OIII stacks before combining them into an HOO image, from which a starless colour image was created and then processed further to bring out the fans.  Thereafter, Pixelmath was used to amalgamate this image with two other starless HOO and RGB versions that emphasized the main part of the nebula, before finally adding back RGB stars and finishing off. 

After considerable experimentation to obtain this result, I’m happy with the final image, which I hope shows off the said apple core / dumbbell and its outer fans to good effect (see above).

 

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectM27 AKA Dumbbell or Apple Core Nebula or NGC 6853
ConstellationVulpecula
Distance1,360 light-years
Size 8.0 x 5.7 arc-minutes (core) 15 arc-minutes (total) or 5 light-years (actual)
Apparent Magnitude+7.5
  
Scope Takahashi FSQ 106  FL 530mm  f/5  +  Moonlight Nightcrawler focuser  
MountParamount MyT
GuidingYes
CameraQSI 683-WSG8    KAF-8300 full frame CCD sensor   5.4nm pixels  
 FOV 1.94o x 1.46o   Resolution 2.1”/pix.   Image array 3326 x 2,507 pix   
ProcessingDeep Sky Stacker,  PixInsight v1.8.9-1
Image Location              & OrientationCentre – RA 19:59:35.363      DEC +22:42:54.383                    Up = North  Left = East
ExposuresHa x28 & OIII x 35 x20min + R x12, G x22, B x14 x10min @ -20C Total Integration Time: 29hrs      
Calibration24 x 20min & 30 x 10 min Darks   x60 Bias & x20 Ha, OIII & RGB Flats  
Location & DarknessDeep Sky West – amateur hosting facility near Rowe, New Mexico  – USA    SQM Typically >= 21.7
DateQ2 2019    

Feel The Space

As our closest galactic neighbour, I’ve imaged M31 the Andromeda Galaxy five times since beginning my personal astrophotography journey in 2014, each time using my William Optics GT81 apo refractor – first with a DSLR, then a ASI1600mm-Cool and most recently ASI294MM cameras.  Andromeda is perhaps the perfect object for my equipment, as it just fits the field-of-view of the aforesaid set-up, which produces something of an up-close-and-personal image of this alluring galaxy. But despite the success of these images, perhaps there’s an alternative view?

This year, I therefore deployed my Samyang 135 + ASI1600MM-Cool rig to capture 6 ½ hours of Andromeda, the result of which shows a whole new perspective of M31.  The widefield format of this lens produces greater context than previous images, whilst still obtaining excellent details and colours of the galaxy itself.  As a result, this final image (see above) better reveals the galaxy in its true glory deep in space, which in some ways I believe can be more powerful than the more popular close-up renditions of this impressive object (M31 with star reduction applied to the image below).   

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectM31 Andromeda Galaxy
ConstellationAndromeda
Distance2.5 million light-years
Size  3.2o x 1or 220,000 light-years           
Apparent Magnitude+3.44  
  
Scope  / LensSamyang 135 @f2.8  
MountSW AZ-EQ6 GT + EQASCOM computer control & Cartes du Ciel
Guiding Sky-Watcher EvoGuide 50ED
 + Starlight Xpress Lodestar X2 camera & PHD2 guiding
CameraZWO1600MM-Cool mono  CMOS sensor
 FOV 7.5o x 5.67o Resolution 5.81”/pix  Max. Image Size 4,656 x 3,520 pix   
EFWZWOx8 EFW & 31mm ZWO LRGB & 7nm Narrowband filters 
Capture & ProcessingAstro Photography Tool + PHD2 + Deep Sky Stacker, PixInsight v1.8.8-12, Photoshop CC, Topaz Denoise
Image Location              & OrientationCentre:  RA 00:42:34.682      DEC +41:14:06.324                         Right = North   Top = East 
ExposuresL 75 x 60 sec, R 27x  G27x B22 x 180 sec, Ha 17 x 300 sec Total Integration Time: 6hr 28 min     
 @ 139 Gain   21  Offset @ -15oC    
CalibrationDarks, Flats & Flat Darks   
Location & DarknessFairvale Observatory – Redhill – Surrey – UK        Typically Bortle 5-6
Date & Time17th, 21st & 22nd November 2022  @ +20.00h  
WeatherApprox. <=5oC   RH >= 85%                  🌙 approx. New Moon

Cygnus Hat-Trick

The Cygnus constellation is rich in potential astrophotography targets and since the return of astronomical darkness I’ve bagged three objects from this area with my new widefield Samyang 135 rig: Cygnus Loop, Sadr Region & Crescent Nebula, and the Western Veil & Pickering’s Triangle. As the Cygnus season now draws to a close – in my case disappearing northwards behind my house – I was ready to snap one final Cygnus object using my main William Optics GT81 rig but then looked closer and realised using the Samyang 135 rig with careful framing there was another a more ambitious possibility. 

The original object in question was SH2-119 AKA the Clamshell nebula, an emission nebula somewhat overlooked by photographers.  Nevertheless, imaged in narrowband there’s plenty of structure to see throughout the nebulosity that makes up the two ‘shells’, whilst the bright magnitude +5 star 68 Cygni might be likened to the pearl at the centre, which would work well with the 81mm William Optics field-of-view.  But deploying with care the much wider field-of-view of the Samyang 135 and it’s possible to include the North America and Pelican nebulae as well, just! 

With some difficulty (weather) I finally managed to obtain 13-hours integration time over 6-nights, which has resulted in a pleasing SHO image (see main image at the top of the page – below is a dynamic version processed using PI PixelMath), once again demonstrating the capacity of this small but powerful lens.  Personally, I find bringing all three objects together within a much larger field-of-view creates greater context, resulting in a more interesting image overall – in football parlance you might call it a hat-trick of nebulae! 

             

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectsNorth America Nebula (NGC7000) + Pelican Nebula (IC5070 & IC5067) + Clamshell Nebula (SH2-119)
ConstellationCygnus
Distanceapprox. 2,600 light-years
Size  3.0o
Apparent Magnitudeapprox. +4 to 8  
  
Scope  / LensSamyang 135 @f2.8  
MountSW AZ-EQ6 GT + EQASCOM computer control & Cartes du Ciel
GuidingSky-Watcher EvoGuide 50ED
 + Starlight Xpress Lodestar X2 camera & PHD2 guiding
CameraZWO1600MM-Cool mono  CMOS sensor
 FOV 7.5o x 5.67o Resolution 5.81”/pix  Max. Image Size 4,656 x 3,520 pix   
EFWZWOx8 EFW & 31mm ZWO LRGB & 7nm Narrowband filters 
Capture & ProcessingAstro Photography Tool + PHD2 + Deep Sky Stacker, PixInsight v1.8.8-12, Photoshop CC, Topaz Denoise
Image Location  &         OrientationCentre  RA 21:06:17.698      DEC +43:58:35.414                         Left = North   Top =West  (original rotated 90o)
ExposuresHa 61 x 300 sec, OIII 54 x 300 sec, SII 41 x 300 sec Total Integration Time: 13hr 00 min     
 @ 139 Gain   21  Offset @ -10oC    
CalibrationDarks 10 x 300 sec,  15 x Ha OIII SII flats & flat darks  
Location & DarknessFairvale Observatory – Redhill – Surrey – UK        Typically Bortle 5-6
Date & Time24th 28th 29th September 2nd 5th 6th October 2022  @ +20.30h  
WeatherApprox. <=12oC  RH  >=75%                  🌙 +80%

A New Perspective

It’s been nearly two years since acquiring my Samyang 135 lens but since then it’s unfortunately only had limited use in combination with my modded 550D DSLR.  Whilst impressed with the results from this set-up, my main objective has always been to combine it with my ASI1600 mono camera for some serious widefield astrophotography but as that was being used with my William Optics refractor it just didn’t happen, until now.  After upgrading to a ASI294MM Pro camera in May, at last I was finally able spend the early part of this summer working on a new Samyang 135 + ASI1600 rig and now that astronomical darkness is (just) back I recently managed to catch a few photons with this new set-up of the large SNR Cygnus Loop.

I originally purchased a x2-ring Astrokraken 3D-printed clamping system for the lens + DSLR combination from Philippe in France but since then he’s tweaked the design.  In particular x3 built-in M4 nuts have been incorporated on either side of each of the two main lens clamping rings, for the purpose of attaching ancillary equipment, which for me has been a game changer.  I therefore bought a new x3-ring Astrokraken bracket, with the said bolt holes, around which to build my new rig: 

  • The two main clamping rings that hold the lens have a shoe immediately above the lens, to which I’ve fitted a Sky-Watcher EvoGuide 50ED guidescope (not yet working), with the rear third ring holding the ASI1600 mono camera & EFW. 
  • I swapped the Canon lens bayonet adapter for a bespoke M42 screw adapter, in order to ensure a more secure attachment, thus reducing any potential lens-camera movement at this critical point of the image train.  
  • I’m continuing to use the excellent Astrokraken micro-focuser, which consists of a ring that clamps onto to the lens’ focus ring, with two small bolts above that make contact with either side of the guidescope shoe, so that when turned the focus ring can be adjusted either way to obtain focus, which is then locked when completed.  So far I’ve found the micro-focuser to work very well with this lens, assisted by the addition of an Astrokraken Bahtinov mask which is inserted into the front of the lens casing.  
  • Using this lens with the ZWO ASI1600MM-Cool camera and EFW, the backfocus guideline is 44mm, which I was able to achieve by adding an Altair T2 variable locking extension ring set to 17.5mm = 44mm minus 26.5 (camera + EFW).  
  • With my Chroma filters now being used with the new ASI294MM Pro camera, I purchased another ZWO 31mm x8 EFW and brought my ZWO 31mm filters out of retirement. 
  • Finally, using the new M4 nut holes I’ve added a Baader Skysurfer III RDF on the left-hand side of the Astrokraken bracket system to help with sky navigation and framing. 

After bolting the Astrokraken with the lens, camera and said components to a Losmandy plate it makes a very nice compact rig, that is easy to handle and store.  Notwithstanding, as they say – the proof of the pudding is in the eating: SEE top-of-the page for original image & below for 50% crop.  

Whilst the recent heatwave produced clear skies, it was far from ideal here for astronomy and was further hampered by a full moon.  However, with only just over two hours integration time and a few Dark calibration files, I’m still impressed with the outcome of this quite amazing lens.  It is very pleasing to capture the entire Cygnus Loop comfortably sitting within the lens’ FOV – for information on this FOV and comparisons go to this previous WTSM blog HERE.  For me context is important with astrophotography and in this regard the astronomical perspective this lens produces is outstanding, no wonder it is so popular.  I just love working with this FOV and can’t wait for better conditions for greater integration time and more widefield targets to point this wicked little lens at.

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectCygnus Loop
ConstellationCygnus
Distance2,400 light-years
Size  3.0o
Apparent Magnitude+7.0  
  
Scope  / LensSamyang 135 @f2.8  
MountSW AZ-EQ6 GT + EQASCOM computer control & Cartes du Ciel
Guiding – Not UsedSky-Watcher EvoGuide 50ED
 + Starlight Xpress Lodestar X2 camera & PHD2 guiding
CameraZWO1600MM-Cool mono  CMOS sensor
 FOV 7.5o x 5.67o Resolution 5.81”/pix  Max. Image Size 4,656 x 3,520 pix   
EFWZWOx8 EFW & 31mm ZWO LRGB & 7nm Narrowband filters 
Capture & ProcessingAstro Photography Tool + PHD2 + Deep Sky Stacker, PixInsight v1.8.8-12, Photoshop CC, Topaz Denoise
Image Location        & OrientationCentre  RA 20:52:28.01      DEC +31:14:56.186                         Right = North   Top = East 
Exposures27 x 180 sec Ha, 20 x 180 sec OIII Total Integration Time: 4hr 21 min     
 @ 139 Gain   21  Offset @ -10oC    
Calibration5 x 180 sec Darks  
Location & DarknessFairvale Observatory – Redhill – Surrey – UK        Typically Bortle 5-6
Date & Time9th & 10h August 2022  @ +22.00h  
WeatherApprox. 27oC   RH <=50%                  🌙 96% Full Moon

The Cone, Fox Fur & Christmas Tree

Projecting a line from Bellatrix to Betelgeuse a similar distance beyond to the east (left) by eye, to the northern extremity on Monoceros is one of late winter’s treats.  Located about 2,500 light years from Earth is the star forming region NGC 2264, consisting of the Christmas Tree Cluster (an open cluster), the nearby so-called Cone Nebula and in between the Fox Fur nebula.  I first imaged these objects in 2014 and again in 2018 but now armed with better skills and equipment, a return to this rich area of the night sky which is full of HII, reflection and dark nebula was long overdue + I had a plan to obtain greater detail and colour than was hitherto achieved.

Location of NGC 2264 Christmas Tree Cluster et al based on Wikisky image

Key to the plan was greater integration time and with 13h 25minutes obtained over three nights at the end of February, this established a solid data foundation.  As ever with all broadband images, there’s an endless choice of permutations combining wavelengths to form a final image and inspired by the work of others, I used the popular SHO Hubble Palette but adapted here by using synthetic SII and OIII channels in PixInsight’s Pixel Math to enhance the related colours: SII = (Ha*0.30+SII*0.70) & OIII (Ha*0.40+SII*0.60+OIII).  The resulting final image has exceeded my expectations, as the colours and details here now successfully highlight the aforesaid central objects as well as the wider complexity and beauty of flowing dust and gases that abounds in this region, which also includes NGC 2261 Hubble’s variable nebula, NGC 2259 open cluster and the emission nebula LBN 902.

NGC 2264 starless version shows detail more clearly
Conventional HOO image version of NGC 2264 widefield

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectsNGC 2264 – Christmas Tree Cluster, Cone Nebula, Fox Fur Nebula + NGC 2261 Hubble’s variable nebula, LBN 902 emission nebula & NGC 2259  open star cluster
ConstellationMonoceros
Distance2,500 light-years
Size  ~2.5o total
Apparent MagnitudeVaries    
  
Scope William Optics GT81 + Focal Reducer FL 382mm  f4.72
MountSW AZ-EQ6 GT + EQASCOM computer control & Cartes du Ciel
GuidingWilliam Optics 50mm guide scope
 + Starlight Xpress Lodestar X2 camera & PHD2 guiding
CameraZWO1600MM-Cool mono  CMOS sensor
 FOV 2.65o x 2.0o Resolution 2.05”/pix  Max. image size 4,656 x 3,520 pix   
EFWZWO x8 EFW & 31mm Chroma Ha, SII & OIII filters 
Capture & ProcessingAstro Photography Tool + PHD2 + Deep Sky Stacker, PixInsight v1.8.8-12, Photoshop CC
Image Location              & OrientationCentre  RA 06:40:55.725      DEC +09:53:45.407                         Top is 280o E of N  i.e. Right = approx. North     
Exposuresx39 Ha , x83 OIII,  x39 SII @ 300 sec Total Integration Time: 13hr 25 min     
 @ 139 Gain   21  Offset @ -20oC    
Calibration5 x 300 sec Darks + 15 x Ha, OIII, SII Flats & Dark Flats    @ ADU 25,000
Location & DarknessFairvale Observatory – Redhill – Surrey – UK        Typically Bortle 5-6
Date & Time26th, 27th February & 7th March 2022  @ +19.00h  
WeatherApprox. <4oC   RH >=70%                  🌙 approx.. New Moon

2021 The Year In Pictures

Every year since 2014 I’ve published a retrospective blog of my astrophotgraphy year just ending called Reflections. It’s been a useful task that enables me to bring together the best and sometimes the worst of my images, in order to consider the good and bad points + progress made + set some objectives for the coming year. Eight years on, after which I believe I’ve now reached at least a respectable level of imaging and processing, I’ve decided to stop this format for the time being.

Notwithstanding, at this time of the year I also produce an astrophotography calendar for members of my family, which consists of the better images from the year just ending; I think they like them and certainly all use the calendar during the coming year. Moreover, I also recently started to compile a video of the said calendar images set to appropriate music, which we all watch together prior to seeing the actual calendar. It’s a great way to present the images, which look really stunning on today’s large Smart TV’s and is fun to watch with the family too.

The video for this last year 2021 can be viewed on YouTube HERE and below is a brief very general overview of each image. More detailed background information and imaging details for those interested can be found in relevant blogs posted on this site during the past year.

2022 CALENDAR

A new set of filters, improved processing techniques and access to data from a telescope at a dark sky site in New Mexico, USA (shown by an asterisk *) contributed to an exciting astrophotography year in 2021.                  

FRONT COVERThe Carnival of Animals: Special processing of the inner region of the Rosette Nebula highlights the ‘animals’ or Bok Globules – clouds of dust undergoing gravitational collapse as part of the process of new star formation.  
JANUARYLDN-1250 Dark Nebula*: Dark or absorption nebulae are a type of interstellar cloud which are so dense they obscure or absorb visible light emitted from objects behind or within and thereby contrast with the general light flux of the Universe as dark areas.  
FEBRUARYCTB-1 Supernova Remnant*: The overall structure of this supernova remnant is that of a circular shell, with a conspicuous rupture towards the north (lower right of image).  The main red Ha-shell is composed of multiple interlocking filament limbs, with a blue / green OIII arc along one side.  
MARCHJellyfish Nebula: Locatedin the Gemini constellation some 5,000 light years from Earth, this is a remnant of a supernova that took place during the past 30,000 years. With a diameter of 70 light-years, the object is visually speaking nearly twice the size of a full moon.     
APRILMarkarian’s Chain: The Virgo cluster consists of more than 2,000 galaxies, within which Markarian’s Chain forms a J-curve string of bright galaxies that share a common motion through space.    
MAYM13 Great Globular Cluster of Hercules*: Consisting of several hundred thousand stars and 145 light-years in diameter, M13 is considered to be the finest cluster in the Northern Hemisphere.  
JUNECave Nebula*: Located along the plane of the Milky Way is the diffuse emission nebula referred to as the Cave Nebula.  The Cave at the centre is critically located at the boundary of the Cepheus molecular cloud and the hot, young stars which ionize the surrounding gases to great effect.  
JULYOrion Widefield: Framed around the area of Orion’s Belt, the Horsehead Nebula and the Great Orion Nebula, look hard and the refection nebula M78 can also be seen in the lower left corner.    
AUGUSTElephant’s Trunk Nebula*: A very large emission nebula, the so-called Elephant’s Trunk Nebula is rightly viewed as one of astrophotography’s most iconic images. The ‘trunk’ itself dominates the centre of this image and is illuminated from behind by a bright star forming region.  
SEPTEMBERM31 Andromeda Galaxy: The full benefit of new filters, improved guiding, clear skies over 6-nights and extensive use of new processing techniques can be seen in my best image yet of Andromeda.      
OCTOBERButterfly Nebula: Situatedwithin the Orion Arm of the Milky Way is the Gamma Cygni nebula, a diffuse emission nebula surrounding the star Sadr.  Either side of the dark rift which divides the image from top to bottom are two large bright areas that together form the so-called Butterfly.  
NOVEMBERM33 Triangulum Galaxy: Like it’s neighbour Andromeda, better data and processing has produced an exciting new image of M33 this year, the red areas highlight Ha-rich star-forming regions  
DECEMBERFlying Bat & Giant Squid Nebula*: This very faint OIII emission nebula Ou4 required an imaging time of 40-hours.  For obvious reasons Ou4 has become known as the Giant Squid Nebula which, moreover, lies within the much larger SH2-129 HII emission region or the Flying Bat Nebula.     

HAPPY NEW YEAR + CLEAR SKIES IN 2022

Dark Art

Somewhat tongue-in cheek, astrophotography is often referred to as something of a dark art and to be fair it sometimes seems that way, particularly when it comes to processing.  My main interests in astrophotography are Deep Sky Objects such as emission nebulae, galaxies and planetary nebula but have long aspired to capture a more elusive category that abounds throughout the Universe – dark nebula.

Popular with astrophotographers, emission nebulae consist of vast clouds of ionised gases and regions of interstellar dust which reflect light from the said gases and or from stars and stellar nurseries that lie within – depending on their make-up the results are colourful in both broadband and narrowband wavelengths.  Dark or absorption nebulae are also a type of interstellar cloud but are so dense they completely obscure and / or soak-up visible light emitted from objects behind or within, which as a result contrasts with general light flux of the Universe forming large dark regions.  Because of their darkness they are usually faint, hard to see and moreover, difficult to image, especially from locations with light pollution.

The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula that has formed a part of my previous images but I’ve only imaged an isolated dark nebula once before – Barnard 142-3, which for obvious reasons is also known as the E-nebula (see above & here).  Larger more complex dark nebulae require much darker skies to image than prevail at Fairvale Observatory, such as in New Mexico, USA where the Deep Sky West observatory is located and on this occasion has produced my first ‘serious’ image of a stand-alone dark nebula.

Cepheus & the aproximate location of LDN 1250 image indicated by the red square

Lynds Dark Nebula (LDN) catalogue of dark nebulae was compiled by the eponymous Beverly T. Lynds in 1962 and is based on the study of red and blue photographic prints from the National Geographic-Palomar Observatory Sky Atlas. Situated in the north close to Polaris, the constellation of Cepheus has a number of dark nebulae, of which LDN 1250 is part of a huge complex of dark nebula surrounded by dust and scattered light from the stars of Cepheus.

LDN 1250 luminance – RGB wavelengths are also strong

Imaged here in LRGB the features come out well in all wavelengths, however, such are the subtleties of the dark nebula components I found processing difficult and required plenty of ‘dark art’ techniques.  The final image at the top of the page shows to good effect the main dark nebula, togeher with widespread but less opaque nebulosity and star colours, as well as some distant galaxies lurking in the background that together has produced a satisfying and very interesting outcome.

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectLDN 1250 & 1251
ConstellationCepheus
Distance1,000 light years
SizeMain nebula approximately 1o  ~ 17 light-years
Apparent Magnitude–  
  
Scope Takahashi FSQ 106  FL 530mm  f/5  +  Moonlight Nightcrawler focuser  
MountParamount MyT
GuidingYes
CameraQSI 683-WSG8    KAF-8300 full frame CCD sensor   5.4nm pixels  
 FOV 1.94o x 1.46o   Resolution 2.1”/pix.   Image array 3326 x 2,507 pix   
ProcessingDeep Sky Stacker,  PixInsight v1.8.8-7,  Photoshop CS3, Topaz Denoise
Image Location &             OrientationCentre  –  RA 22:28:54.702      DEC +75:09:45.158                    
North = Up
 
Exposures23L  + 18R +  16G + 17B x 900 secs  @ -15C
Total Integration Time: 18hr 30min     
Calibration41 x 900 secs Darks   x 50 Bias  &  x16 LRGB Flats   
Location & DarknessDeep Sky West – amateur hosting facility near Rowe, New Mexico  – USA    SQM Typically >= 21.7
Date & TimeQ4  2020    

 

Cosmic Eruption

Originally thought to be a planetary nebula, Abell included this object in his catalogue as Abell-85 but later in 1971 it was revised as a supernova remnant (SNR) and renamed CTB-1, thus also denoting it as a radio source.  The overall structure is a circular shell with a conspicuous rupture towards the north (bottom right of image).  The main red Ha-shell is composed of multiple interlocking filament limbs, with a blue / green OIII arc along one side (see main image above).

I experimented extensively processing the data because of its overall complexity and is an interesting object, which is therfore also presented below as greyscale Ha-wavelength only and starless versions.  The main Ha and OIII data is shot at long 1,800 second exposures, which together with RGB adds up to a whopping 29 hours of integration time. However, CTB-1 is an extremely faint object, which probably still requires considerably more time – I’ve seen somebody else’s 61-hour integration which they described as “not enough” and despite the quality of their image I’d probably have to agree.  

CTB-1 is a very exciting object, which might have been what Douglas Adams had in mind when creating Milliways or The Restaurant At The End Of The Universe in the Hitchhiker’s Guide, from which such spectacular events could be ordered to view with your meal! 

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectCTB-1  (Abell-85)
ConstellationCassiopeia
Distance10,000  light-years
Size 35 arcminutes ~  100 light-years
Apparent Magnitude–  
  
Scope Takahashi FSQ 106  FL 530mm  f/5  +  Moonlight Nightcrawler focuser  
MountParamount MyT
GuidingYes
CameraQSI 683-WSG8    KAF-8300 full frame CCD sensor   5.4nm pixels  
 FOV 1.94o x 1.46o   Resolution 2.1”/pix.   Image array 3326 x 2,507 pix   
ProcessingDeep Sky Stacker,  PixInsight v1.8.8-8,  Photoshop CS3
Image Location &             OrientationCentre  –  RA 23:59:19.402      DEC +62:25:39.406   
North = bottom right                    
Exposures29 Ha &  20 OIII x 1,800 secs  @ -15C 18 R  17 G  19 B x 300 secs Total Integration Time: 29hr     
Calibration48 x 1,800 secs Darks* x47 Bias  &  x16 HaOIII +LRGB Flats *RGB scaled to 300sec  
Location & DarknessDeep Sky West – amateur hosting facility near Rowe, New Mexico  – USA    SQM Typically >= 21.7
Date & TimeQ3  2020    

It’s All Relative

escher

I spent the first half of this year reading Walter Isaacson’s biography of Albert Einstein, which apart from providing a fascinating insight into the man and his work, whetted my appetite to understand better the science.  Following previous success studying astronomy courses online, I set out to find a suitable programme to achieve this goal.  As a result I enrolled for Understanding Einstein: the Special Theory of Relativity run by Professor Larry Lagerstrom of Stanford University, USA, which after two months I have just completed.spacetime

The course is a good mix of qualitative and quantitative information, which at times has been quite challenging but nonetheless proved very worthwhile. The lecturer is very clear and thorough, an essential quality when dealing with this difficult and often bewildering subject.  Einstein’s paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies outlines the Special Theory and was just one of four published at about the same time in 1905 (“The Miracle Year”) which included: Brownian motion, Mass-energy equivalence (E=Mc2) and The Photoelectric Effect, the latter of which won him the Noble Prize.  At the end I now feel I understand the basics of Einstein’s ground breaking science properly, which apart from being interesting provides valuable insight and understanding of the Universe and related issues of space and time.

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During this period I have also been thinking about how to improve my astrophotography and the way forwards.  I’ll be on the learning curve for years to come and accept that there’s much I can still improve on using current equipment and processes but after more than 2-years astroimaging, mostly with a DSLR camera, I feel I have reached something of a crossroads and need to change tack in order to achieve more meaningful advances once again.  Inevitably this is likely to mean new equipment and most likely a move to LRGB / Narrowband format.  In the interim, whilst I consider the options, I have also been researching suitable capture / sequencing software, post-processing techniques and programmes.  I am concerned that this will result in another level of complexity but I think it has to be done in order to progress – watch this space.

Continuing a trend that’s been apparent for the past year, clear nights have been something of a rarity since mid-September; this is a concern if I am to pursue astrophotography to the next level.  However, high pressure was unusually dominant over Fairvale Observatory during the last days of November and cold, clear skies have provided good conditions for astronomy at last.

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Getting better – PHD2 screen 30th November 2016: DEC is good but room for improvement with the RA settings. The impact on tracking and image quality is noticeable.

Whilst I have certainly not fully mastered guiding I am now routinely using PHD2.  This in itself has probably been the major breakthrough this year, which with the aforementioned clear skies I wanted to take full advantage of.  Hidden within PHD2 I have also discovered and am now starting to experiment with the on-screen drift align routine, with reasonable results; using the gamepad for mount control and a new wireless link with my tablet computer, I can also make focus and alignment adjustments at the mount without returning to the computer each time.

As a result I have dispersed with the SynScan handset for alignment and can now completely set-up and control imaging with the computer and tablet; this is nothing short of a revolution which I am hopeful will greatly increase set-up time as well as improving control and tracking accuracy – yipee!  Even with average guiding results I am now achieving good exposures of 5-minutes or more and therefore decided to put this success to work and re-image some winter wonders over three, yes three, consecutive nights at the end of November.

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Imaging targets between 28th & 30th of November 2016 – for descriptions & previous images taken of these objects click on the following list of names: (1) M45 Pleiades (2) Barnard 33 The Horsehead Nebula & NGC 2024 Flame Nebula (3) M42 Orion Nebula (4) NGC 2244 Rosette Nebula (5) NGC 1499 California Nebula (6) IC 405 Flaming Star Nebula

The night sky at this time of the year contains many of my favourite objects, but surprisingly I had not imaged some of the chosen targets for more than a year or two and it was both enjoyable and pleasing to reacquaint myself again.  With a new perspective gained from this exercise, the progress I have made with equipment and techniques is more apparent.  Notwithstanding, it’s time to move on – everything’s relative.

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M45 Pleiades, Taurus constellation: 12 x 300 sec @ ISO 800 | 28th November 2016

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NGC 2014 Flame Nebula & Barnard 33 Horsehead Nebula, Orion constellation: 15 x 300 sec @ ISO 800 | 28th November 2016

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M42 Orion Nebula & M43 De Mairan’s Nebula, Orion constellation: 2 x 300 sec @ ISO 800 | 28th November 2016

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NGC 2244 Rosette Nebula, Perseus arm of Milky Way, Monoceros region: 21 x 300 sec @ ISO 800 | 29th November 2016

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California Nebula, Perseus constellation: 12 x 300 sec @ ISO 800 | 30th November 2016

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IC 405 & 410 nebulae: 15 x 300 @ ISO 800 | 30th November 2016

Notes: all images taken using a William Optics GT81 refractor telescope + PHD2 guiding + modded Canon 550D DSLR & x0.80 field flattner @ ISO 800 with full darks + bias + flats calibration and processed in Deep Sky Stacker & Photoshop CS2