Surf’s Up! The California Nebula – NGC 1499

Curving across the Autumn night sky somewhat alone in the Perseus constellation, is the large (100 light-years ~ 2.50o) California Nebula.  Being something of a prelude to the arrival of Orion and all its exciting objects, I have somewhat neglected this astronomical behemoth, only imaging it for short periods from time to time in the past.  Despite continuing poor conditions and with some difficulty, on this occasion I manged nearly 8-hours integration, which with careful processing has brought out the true majesty of this exciting feature.

The final image has been flipped 180 degrees, which for some reason seems to enhance the depth?

An emission nebula located some 1,000 light years from Earth, the billowing clouds of hydrogen and sulphur gases and dust, and the faint, wispy veil of oxygen are clearly evident in this powerful SHO image.  The intense ultraviolet radiation from the nearby massive star Menkib – with a surface temperature of about 37,000 K and radiation 330,000 times greater than our Sun – plays a key role in ionizing the gasses of the nebula, which ultimately brings this majestic monster to life.  

Heavenly Art

It’s at this time of the year I turn my attention to Cygnus and the plethora of imaging opportunities it provides, which inevitably tend to be narrowband targets. This year it is IC 5068, a low emission nebula often overlooked because of its location near the more popular North American and Pelican nebulae, as well as many other fabulous targets within the adjacent Cygnus molecular cloud, and as a result is unfortunately known as the Forsaken Nebula

Located just below the Pelican Nebula and close to the blue supergiant Deneb star (see above), this complex area is known for the graphically shaped streaks of cold, dark dust clouds that criss-cross the dense, brightly coloured gas regions of nebulosity.

As a narrowband target my initial choice of image processing was the traditional Hubble Palette SHO configuration, which as envisaged, resulted in an exciting and colourful rendition of the busy IC 5068 (see image below).  Notwithstanding, having recently discovered some other, fairly new Pixinsight processing techniques (NB Color Mapper & NB Image Blend), I decided to give them a try to produce an alternative blended HOO–S image.  Though still very much recognisable as IC 5068, the resulting (warm) colours and details reveal a very different and perhaps more dynamic image (see image at the top of the page).

Narrowband images leave much to the imagination when processing and often take on a stirring look when completed.  In the case of IC 5068, each of the images produced seem to have the feel of abstract art, whilst at the same time posing many questions regarding the origin of many unusual features.  I believe this exciting region deserves much greater attention and should belong in the pantheon of popular Cygnus objects such as the North American, Pelican & Veil nebulae.  Moreover, the so-called Foresaken Nebula warrants a name more befitting of its exciting beauty.

                         

Dark Eagle

It might seem paradoxical but sometimes it is the absence of light that makes an astrophotography image interesting.  Such a feature is the so-called Aquila Rift, a vast, dark interstellar cloud that spans the constellations of Aquila (Eagle), Serpens Cauda and eastern Ophiuchus.  Towards the central section of the rift, about 600 million light-years from Earth, within the Aquila constellation and not far from the Summer Triangle’s Altair star, is Lynd’s Dark Nebula (LDN) 673.

Some 7-light years in size, this fragmented dark molecular cloud complex contrasts well against the colourful molecular clouds and stars of the Milky Way; the very dense dust of the dark nebulae scatters the blue light of the surrounding stars, producing a yellow-red bias.  In places the density within the nebula that energetic outflows can be seen in the form of the red nebulosity of RNO 109 and Herbig-Haro object HH-32.

Dark Art: Taurus Molecular Cloud

Located northeast (left) of Pleiades, south of California Nebula and north (above) of Aldebaran, spanning more than 30o of the night sky is the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC), a rich area of dark nebulae punctuated by bright areas of new star formation.  Moreover, the TMC is thought to be the nearest star forming region to Earth.

Herschel Space Observatory far-infrared’s view of the TMC & approximate image location

All-in-all, the very large TMC provides many promising imaging opportunities.  This image captures numerous, complex dark nebulae across the field-of-view, including Barnard 10 & 214, LDN 1495 & VdB 27, together with bright reflection nebulae LBN 782 & 785 and the odd galaxy – if you look carefully.