Galactic Triplets

After successfully imaging M31 the Andromeda galaxy at new moon in early October, I was lucky that the next moon cycle in early November also provided good conditions and it seemed appropriate to just shift attention to Andromeda’s closest neighbour, which at this time of the year occupies a favourable part of the eastern sky in the early evening.  Only 15o from M31, M33 AKA the Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies after Andromeda and the Milky Way.  Although very faint, in very good dark night sky conditions M33 can apparently be viewed with the naked eye. Along with our own Milky Way, this group travels together in the universe, as they are gravitationally bound.

Andromeda is eight times brighter and nearly four times larger than Triangulum, which for various reasons I have previously found difficult to image, despite its relative proximity to us.  On this occasion I was therefore very pleased to obtain a good data set over three nights that included 3-hours of 10-minute Ha exposures.  The result is definitely my best image yet of this tricky but attractive target, which in particular highlights the numerous red star-forming regions that abound throughout the galaxy’s arms.  I’ll almost certainly be back again another day but for now I am at last satisfied with the result.

 IMAGING DETAILS
ObjectM33 Triangulum Galaxy
ConstellationTriangulum
DistanceApprox. 2.7 million light-years
Size71’ x 42’  ~ 60,000 light-years
Apparent Magnitude+5.72
  
Scope William Optics GT81 + Focal Reducer FL 382mm  f4.72
MountSW AZ-EQ6 GT + EQASCOM computer control
GuidingWilliam Optics 50mm guide scope
 + Starlight Xpress Lodestar X2 guide camera & PHD2 control
CameraZWO1600MM-Cool (mono)   CMOS sensor
 FOV 2.65o x 2.0o Resolution 2.05”/pix  Max. image size 4,656 x 3,520 pix   
EFWZWO x8 EFW & 31mm LRGB + 3nm Ha Chroma filters 
Capture & ProcessingAstro Photography Tool,  Deep Sky Stacker, PixInsight v 1.8.8-9, Photoshop CS3, Topaz Ai Denosie
Image Location              & OrientationCentre:  RA 01:33:53.6    DEC 30:39:18.9                      Top = North   Right = West  
Exposures15 x 300 sec LRGB + 18 x 600 sec Ha   Total time: 8 hours
 @ 139 Gain   21  Offset @ -20oC    
Calibration5 x 300 sec & 5 x 600 sec Darks  + 15 x LRGBHa Flats & Dark Flats @ ADU 25,000  
Location & DarknessFairvale Observatory – Redhill – Surrey – UK        Typically Bortle 5
Date & Time2nd 3rd 4th November 2021 @ +19.00h  
WeatherApprox. <6oC   RH = >=80%      New Moon